Fractures around the Knee
Knee fractures are serious injuries that can affect the femur, tibia, and patella (kneecap). Treatment depends on the location, severity, and functional impact of the fracture.
Types and Locations of Knee Fractures
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Femur and Tibia Fractures: These fractures can either be extra- articular (outside the joint) or articular(involving the joint). The classification helps determine the best treatment approach.
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Patella Fractures: These fractures affect the joint and can disrupt the function of the extensor mechanism of the knee (the muscles and tendons that allow the leg to straighten).
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Each fracture requires a thorough clinical and radiological assessment. While X-rays are often enough, more complex cases might require a CT scan or MRI for a detailed view.
TREATMENT
01. NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
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Casting or Bracing: For non-displaced fractures or stable fractures, a cast or brace may be used to immobilize the knee and allow healing.
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Pain Management: NSAIDs or acetaminophen to manage pain and inflammation.
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Physical Therapy: Early rehabilitation to maintain knee mobility and prevent stiffness once the fracture is stable.
02. SURGICAL TREATMENT
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Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): For displaced fractures or fractures involving the knee joint, metal plates, screws, or rods are used to realign and stabilize the bone fragments.
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Knee Replacement: In severe cases of fractures involving the femur, tibia, or patella with significant joint damage, a knee replacement may be necessary, especially in elderly patients or those with other joint conditions.
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External Fixation: Used in cases of severe trauma or fractures with soft tissue damage, where pins or rods are placed outside the leg to stabilize the bone.
03. POST-SURGICAL REHABILITATION
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Focus on restoring knee strength, range of motion, and function through a structured rehabilitation program.
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The recovery period varies: typically, 6-12 weeks for fractures treated with non-surgical methods, and up to 6 months for surgical cases, depending on the severity.
04. KEY POINT
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Treatment depends on the fracture's type, location, and severity, with surgery being necessary for more complex fractures. Rehabilitation is crucial for full recovery and function restoration.