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Hip Avascular Necrosis (AVN) 

AVN, or osteonecrosis, occurs when the blood supply to the femoral head is disrupted, leading to bone death. Without nutrients and oxygen, the bone weakens and collapses, causing joint damage and progressive osteoarthritis, which is painful and disabling.

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​Risk Factors

  • Excessive alcohol use

  • Chronic corticosteroid use

  • Hip trauma (dislocation or fracture)

  • Medical conditions (e.g., sickle cell disease, lupus) 

 

Symptoms

  • Groin pain, often starting as a dull ache

  • Difficulty walking or bearing weight

  • Progressive joint dysfunction 

 

Diagnosis

  • X-ray: Detects bone collapse and changes in the femoral head.

  • MRI: Detects early AVN signs and identifies the extent of bone involvement. 

TREATMENT

Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, is a condition resulting from reduced blood flow to the bone, leading to bone death and potential joint collapse. Treatment approaches vary depending on the stage of the disease and aim to preserve joint function, alleviate pain, and prevent further progression.

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​01. CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT

  • Medications: Bisphosphonates to reduce bone resorption, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

  • Physical Therapy: Low-impact exercises to maintain joint mobility.

  • Lifestyle Modifications: Weight-bearing restrictions and cessation of activities that stress the joint. 

 
02. SURGICAL TREATMENTS

  • Core Decompression: Drilling into the bone to reduce pressure and stimulate blood flow.

  • Bone Grafting: Placement of healthy bone tissue to support the  joint and enhance healing.

  • Osteotomy: Realignment of the bone to reduce stress on the affected area.

  • Joint Replacement: Total hip or knee arthroplasty in advanced cases with significant joint damage. 

 
03. REGENERATIVE THERAPIES

  • Stem Cell Therapy: Injection of mesenchymal stem cells to promote bone regeneration.

  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): To accelerate tissue healing.

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04. ADJUNCTIVE MEASURES   

  • Management of risk factors such as alcohol consumption and corticosteroid use.

  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for better outcomes. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's age, the severity of the condition, and overall health. Collaboration between specialists ensures personalized care and optimal results. 

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